If it is petrol, there could be a bunch of reasons, so I'm told. In general, the computer is having a hard time creating good combustion conditions and therefore the exhaust gases are far from optimal. That's why it could be anything. One possible solution that's quick to try is a tank of 98 octane or higher. It erased that warning after 3/4 of a tank for me. 95RON might not be enough, despite what the sticker says. The other general point is that the warnings tend to be early and well before anything bad happens. Which is nice, but it can be unsettling. You are probably getting a warning well before a similar car would bother to tell you something's wrong. Note: When the "Fuel Level Low" warning appears, you DON'T have a few weeks to do somthing about it. :D If your car is diesel (and the particulate filter probably means that it is) I have no idea. But the general point about the causes stands.